UN Security Council Condemns Rwanda for Supporting M23 Rebels in DRC
Context:
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been plagued by armed conflict for decades, particularly in its eastern region. The M23 rebel group, which has been active in the area since 2012, has recently launched a major offensive, capturing several key cities with the alleged support of Rwandan forces.
UN Condemnation:
On February 21, 2023, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) unanimously adopted Resolution 2667, condemning Rwanda for its involvement in the M23 offensive. The resolution strongly condemns "the ongoing offensive and advances of the M23 in North Kivu and South Kivu with the support of the Rwandan Defense Forces."
Evidence of Rwandan Support:
According to UN experts, approximately 4,000 Rwandan soldiers are providing assistance to the M23. The resolution expresses concern over the "increasing presence of Rwandan troops in the DRC."
Demands on Rwanda:
The resolution demands that Rwanda immediately withdraw all its forces from Congolese territory and cease providing support to the M23. It also calls on the M23 to withdraw from the territories it has captured, including Goma and Bukavu.
Historical Context:
The UNSC’s condemnation of Rwanda marks a significant shift in its stance on the conflict. Previously, the Council had only denounced violations of DRC’s territorial integrity without explicitly naming Rwanda. However, increasing evidence and public outcry prompted African Council members to support the resolution.
International Response:
The United States has called for an immediate ceasefire and urged Rwanda to end its military involvement. The East African Community (EAC), a regional bloc, has also expressed concern and urged all parties to cease hostilities.
Impact on Civilians:
The conflict has displaced an estimated 42,000 people, primarily women and children, who have sought refuge in neighboring Burundi. An additional 15,000 have fled to other countries, including Uganda.
Fear and Chaos in Uvira:
As the M23 advances towards Uvira, a city on the border with Burundi, residents have described chaos and fear. Armed groups have engaged in looting and violence, and residents are confined to their homes.
Military Debacle:
The Congolese Armed Forces (FARDC) have been unable to effectively resist the M23’s advance, with soldiers abandoning their positions and engaging in human rights abuses. A military spokesperson has appealed to fleeing soldiers to return to duty.
Ougandan Deployment:
Ugandan troops have been deployed to the area, ostensibly as part of a joint operation with the FARDC. However, analysts question whether the UPDF will confront the M23, given that Kampala has been accused of having ties to the rebels.
Uncertain Future:
The M23 continues to advance, with Lubero, a strategic town 250 kilometers north of Goma, under their control. The resolution adopted by the UNSC sends a strong message to Rwanda, but whether it will be enough to halt the conflict and protect civilians remains uncertain.
