Pope Leo XIV: A New Chapter for the Catholic Church

The Catholic Church has entered a new era with the election of Pope Leo XIV, the first American to hold the position. The 69-year-old Chicago native succeeds Pope Francis, who passed away in April. Pope Leo brings a diverse background to the papacy, having served as a bishop in Peru, led the Order of St. Augustine, and most recently, headed the Vatican department responsible for selecting new bishops.

While his biographical details are noteworthy, the central questions surrounding his ascension revolve around the direction he will steer the Church, the potential for reforms, and his approach to the institution’s multifaceted challenges.

To gain insight into these critical issues, Michele Dillon, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Hampshire and a renowned scholar of the Catholic Church, offered her expertise in an interview.

Understanding the New Pope’s Background

Dillon emphasizes the breadth of Pope Leo XIV’s experiences as a defining characteristic. His two decades as a missionary in Peru have instilled in him a deep understanding of the needs of local churches in impoverished regions, a matter of paramount importance to the Church. His recent role as head of the Dicastery responsible for bishop appointments has provided him with invaluable experience in vetting and selecting bishops worldwide.

The extensive network of bishops he has cultivated through this work will be a valuable asset, both formally and informally. Dillon suggests that Pope Leo XIV will be able to readily consult with bishops across the globe for advice and information.

Furthermore, his Augustinian background, including his leadership of the Augustinian order, adds a significant theological and contemporary dimension to his papacy. While his American identity is a surprise, Dillon points out that the election of any pope is inherently unpredictable.

She believes that Pope Leo XIV’s deep ties to South America likely played a crucial role in his election. Cardinals from South America, Central America, Africa, and Asia would likely appreciate his missionary experience and tradition.

In essence, Pope Leo XIV is a "great American from Chicago" who also brings a wealth of international experience to the role. He possesses deep pastoral experience and executive management skills. He is also likely adept at navigating the complexities of the Vatican bureaucracy.

Pressing Challenges and Decisions

Dillon highlights that Pope Leo XIV faces a multitude of ongoing, pressing issues rather than a single, looming decision. One prominent concern is the Vatican’s finances, a recurring challenge. Pope Francis initiated reforms to the Vatican Bank and its accounting practices, achieving some progress in enhancing transparency.

However, these efforts faced setbacks, including the departure of outside experts and the embezzlement charges against Cardinal Becciu. Such scandals, reminiscent of past instances like the Banco Ambrosiano corruption, pose a significant problem. Mismanagement is undesirable, and the Vatican relies heavily on contributions from wealthier regions like America to support the growth of Catholicism in poorer areas like Africa and Asia.

Continuing the Vatican’s diplomacy is another crucial task. In the Israel-Palestine conflict and the Russia-Ukraine war, the Vatican has consistently engaged in diplomatic interventions and behind-the-scenes efforts. Pope Leo XIV’s emphasis on peace in his initial statements suggests that this will be a pressing priority.

Additionally, Pope Leo XIV must address the various debates within the Catholic Church, many of which are concentrated in Europe and America and relate to sexual morality and the role of women. These issues are less prominent in Africa and Asia, creating a tension within the global Church that requires careful attention.

Finally, concerns surrounding clerical sex abuse scandals persist. While Pope Leo XIV is not accused of direct involvement, his past roles may involve how such issues were addressed, whether within the Augustinian order or as a bishop.

Potential Approaches to Key Issues

Dillon believes that Pope Leo XIV will prioritize enforcing and improving existing safeguards against sex abuse. He may revitalize the Vatican’s commission on sexual assault, addressing concerns that it has not been fully supported by other church officials or provided with sufficient resources.

The issue of women in the Church is likely to take a back seat, at least initially. Pope Leo XIV may avoid making strong statements on the matter to prevent being perceived as aligning with any particular faction within the Church. While he could potentially address the issue of women deacons, the controversy surrounding the commissions studying this topic suggests that it will not be a top priority.

Factions and Unity

Dillon notes that supporters of Pope Francis’ papacy will likely be pleased with the election of Pope Leo XIV. Those with reservations about Pope Francis are likely to give the new pope a chance, recognizing his character and experience.

Catholicism has traditionally been a pluralistic tradition characterized by geographical, doctrinal, and social diversity. Pope Leo XIV’s emphasis on unity in his early remarks suggests an understanding of this diversity and the importance of fostering a unified community despite differing views.

Dillon cautions against exaggerating factionalism, emphasizing that most American Catholics are moderate and committed to their Catholic identity. They may hold differing views on specific issues but remain proud and dedicated to the tradition.

The Significance of the Name "Leo"

Dillon emphasizes that Pope Leo XIV’s choice of name is significant. Leo XIII is considered the beginning pope for the Catholic social justice tradition. He addressed the social and economic changes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including industrialization and urbanization.

Leo XIII’s social encyclical, Rerum novarum, emphasized concern for employees, just wages, and the inclusion of everyone in society. This message has remained consistent in Catholic social teaching since then.

Pope Leo XIV’s choice of name signals his commitment to further amplifying the Church’s social justice tradition. This commitment aligns with the efforts of Pope Francis and previous popes. By choosing the name Leo, Pope Leo XIV indicates his intention to address contemporary issues like climate change, economic inequality, and refugees in a way that aligns with the core principles articulated by Leo XIII.