Rising Tensions in Eastern DRC Prompt UN Evacuation from Burundi
The United Nations is evacuating families of its international staff from Burundi amidst escalating conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), according to a letter obtained by Agence France-Presse (AFP). This move coincides with efforts by Burundian President Evariste Ndayishimiye to reassure diplomats, despite growing concerns about regional stability.
The armed group M23, allegedly backed by Rwandan soldiers, has seized control of a significant portion of eastern DRC since January. Their advances include key cities like Goma and Bukavu, with continued expansion in multiple directions. The situation has triggered widespread displacement and humanitarian crisis, impacting neighboring countries, including Burundi.
Witness reports cited by AFP on February 25th indicated the presence of M23 fighters approximately 75 kilometers north of Uvira, a city situated on the northwestern tip of Lake Tanganyika, directly across from Burundi’s economic capital, Bujumbura. These reports, combined with accounts of Burundian troop deployments in the area, paint a picture of heightened tensions and a looming threat of cross-border conflict.
Burundi has been actively involved in the DRC conflict, deploying over 10,000 soldiers in support of the Congolese army as part of a military cooperation agreement with Kinshasa since 2023. However, faced with the M23’s rapid advance and perceived Rwandan support, Burundi initially began withdrawing some of its troops, according to military sources speaking to AFP. More recently, however, a Burundian military source and on-the-ground testimonies suggest that Burundi has significantly reinforced its military presence along its border with the DRC. This bolstering of forces indicates a growing concern within the Burundian government about potential spillover effects from the conflict and a determination to protect its own territory.
The UN’s decision to evacuate families from Bujumbura reflects a heightened risk assessment. The evacuation, authorized last week, is detailed in a memo dated February 21st from the Department of Safety and Security. The memo highlights the increasing security risks stemming from the situation in eastern DRC and the potential for instability in Burundi.
According to a UN official who spoke to AFP on February 27th under condition of anonymity, several flights have already been chartered to transport the families. Further flights are anticipated, with the goal of evacuating non-essential personnel and relocating families to safer locations. The official emphasized that the evacuation is being carried out discreetly to avoid upsetting the Burundian government, acknowledging the sensitivity of the situation. The official further explained that these measures are standard protocol implemented in regions facing heightened security threats.
The escalating conflict has put Burundi in a difficult position. President Ndayishimiye had previously warned Rwanda against any aggression, stating that Burundi would defend itself in the event of an attack. However, his recent rhetoric suggests a shift towards a more conciliatory approach. In a speech to the diplomatic corps in Gitega, Burundi’s administrative capital, President Ndayishimiye emphasized Burundi’s commitment to resolving disputes with Rwanda through peaceful means.
This apparent change in tone could reflect a number of factors, including diplomatic pressure, a reassessment of Burundi’s military capabilities in the face of the M23’s strength, or a desire to avoid further escalation of the conflict. Regardless of the underlying reasons, the shift suggests a willingness to prioritize diplomacy and avoid direct military confrontation with Rwanda.
Adding to Burundi’s challenges is a significant influx of refugees. In the past two weeks alone, over 43,000 people have sought refuge in Burundi, according to UN figures. This represents the largest refugee influx Burundi has experienced in 25 years. The influx is straining the country’s resources and placing a significant burden on its humanitarian infrastructure. Many of the refugees are fleeing the violence and instability in eastern DRC, seeking safety and protection in Burundi. The situation underscores the devastating human cost of the conflict and the urgent need for humanitarian assistance.
The combination of escalating conflict in the DRC, the UN evacuation, Burundian military deployments, and the influx of refugees creates a complex and volatile situation in the region. The future remains uncertain, with the potential for further escalation and destabilization. Diplomatic efforts to de-escalate the conflict and address the underlying issues are crucial. It remains to be seen if regional actors and the international community can effectively address the crisis and prevent further suffering. The situation in Burundi serves as a stark reminder of the interconnectedness of regional security and the devastating consequences of armed conflict on civilian populations.
