Abortion Ban Impact: Higher Infant Mortality, Increased Births, and Health Disparities
Introduction
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in 2022 overturned the constitutional right to abortion, leaving states to regulate or ban the procedure. A recent study, published in JAMA, has revealed the alarming consequences of these bans on infant mortality and birth rates, particularly among marginalized communities.
Increased Infant Mortality
The study found that in 14 states with abortion bans, there were an estimated 478 additional infant deaths between 2012 and December 2023. This represents a 5.6% increase in infant mortality above expected levels. Notably, infant deaths due to congenital anomalies (birth defects) increased by 10.9%, and deaths from non-defect-related complications during birth rose by 4.2%.
Disproportionate Impact on Black Infants
The study highlighted stark racial disparities in infant mortality. Black infants experienced an 11% higher death rate than expected, resulting in approximately 265 additional deaths. This disparity underscores the existing health inequities faced by Black communities and the exacerbated vulnerability caused by abortion restrictions.
Increased Birth Rates
Along with increased infant mortality, abortion bans have led to a surge in live births. The study estimated that there were 22,180 more live births in the 14 states with bans than would have occurred without them. This increase was particularly pronounced among Black, Latino, and other nonwhite populations, as well as those receiving Medicaid, lacking a college degree, and being unmarried or younger.
Geographic Disparities
The study identified the South as a region with disproportionately high infant deaths and birth rates. This region already faces significant challenges in infant and maternal health, making the impact of abortion bans even more pronounced. Texas, in particular, accounted for a majority of the estimated increase in infant deaths and births.
Underlying Factors
The researchers attributed the negative health outcomes to limited access to abortion care. Wealthier individuals may be able to travel to other states or obtain abortions through telehealth options. However, marginalized communities, such as low-income and nonwhite women, face barriers such as lack of transportation, child care, and financial resources.
Implications for Maternal Health
The study authors plan to further investigate the effects of abortion bans on maternal health outcomes. Black women are disproportionately more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than other mothers. ProPublica’s 2024 reporting highlighted the tragic deaths of two Georgia women who were denied access to essential care under the state’s abortion ban.
Conclusion
The study published in JAMA provides irrefutable evidence of the detrimental impact of abortion bans on public health. Infant mortality, already a persistent problem, has increased, particularly among Black infants. Birth rates have surged, especially among marginalized populations. These outcomes are a direct consequence of restricted access to abortion care and exacerbate existing health inequities. The findings serve as a stark reminder of the importance of reproductive freedom and the need for policies that protect the health and well-being of all women.
