The Language of Flowers: A Valentine’s Day Exploration
Introduction
When Hildegard Knef sings "For Me It Should Rain Red Roses," no one needs a book to decipher the symbolic meaning – especially not on Valentine’s Day. However, with other flowers, it becomes more challenging. Fortunately, we have art historian Marina Heilmeyer, who is fluent in the language of flowers.
Interview with Marina Heilmeyer
ZEITmagazin ONLINE: Ms. Heilmeyer, on Valentine’s Day, countless red roses are given as gifts. How old is the bouquet in its current form?
Marina Heilmeyer: It’s difficult to say precisely, but both the haphazardly gathered meadow bouquet and the elaborate arrangement existed in ancient times. The human need to express appreciation and affection through flowers is ancient, likely as old as human civilization itself. However, we must remember that before many popular flowers like the tulip arrived in Europe from the Orient in the second half of the 16th century, and greenhouses ensured year-round availability from the 19th century onwards, it was an immense luxury to cut flowers and bring them indoors. The appreciation accorded to flowers at the time is almost unimaginable today. Whether you brought a bouquet as a hostess gift or gave it to your beloved, it was also a matter of social status.
The Symbolic Language of Flowers
Flowers have long been used to convey messages beyond their beauty. In the Victorian era, people became especially adept at using flowers to communicate their emotions and intentions covertly. For example:
- Red roses: Love, passion, desire
- White roses: Purity, innocence, new beginnings
- Yellow roses: Friendship, joy, happiness
- Purple roses: Royalty, admiration, respect
- Pink roses: Grace, elegance, appreciation
Other flowers also carry significant meanings:
- Lilies: Purity, innocence, compassion
- Carnations: Love, admiration, affection
- Daffodils: Renewal, hope, joy
- Sunflowers: Happiness, positivity, optimism
- Orchids: Refinement, beauty, luxury
Flowers in Art and Literature
Flowers have been a recurring motif in art and literature throughout history. In paintings and sculptures, they often symbolize emotions, moods, or life stages. In literary works, flowers can represent characters, themes, or plot developments.
For instance, in Vincent van Gogh’s "Sunflowers," the bright, vibrant flowers embody the artist’s resilience and optimism. In William Shakespeare’s "Sonnet 18," the poet compares his beloved to a "faire summer’s day," with its "buds of May" representing her youth and beauty.
Contemporary Floral Arrangements
Today, floral arrangements have evolved beyond traditional bouquets. Modern florists create stunning installations, sculptures, and even wearables using flowers. These arrangements often incorporate elements of nature, such as branches, leaves, and greenery.
Conclusion
Flowers are a universal language that transcends cultures and time periods. Whether you’re sending a bouquet to a loved one, decorating your home, or simply admiring their beauty, understanding the symbolic meaning of flowers can enhance your appreciation and deepen your connection with nature.
